Books
Love Songs in Motion: Voicing Intimacy in Somaliland
Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 2023
*Winner of the 2024 International Council for Traditions of Music and Dance Book Prize
Abstract: At first listen, both music and talk about love are conspicuously absent from Somaliland’s public soundscapes. The lingering effects of war, the contested place of music in Islam, and gendered norms of emotional expression limit opportunities for making music and sharing personal feelings. But while Christina J. Woolner was researching peacebuilding in Somaliland’s capital, Hargeysa, she kept hearing snippets of songs. Almost all of these, she learned, were about love. In these songs, poets, musicians, and singers collaborate to give voice to personal love aspirations and often painful experiences of love-suffering. Once in circulation, the intimate and heartfelt voices of love songs provide rare and deeply therapeutic opportunities for dareen-wadaag (feeling-sharing). In a region of political instability, these songs also work to powerfully unite listeners on the basis of shared vulnerability, transcending social and political divisions and opening space for a different kind of politics.
Taking us from 1950s recordings preserved on dusty cassettes to new releases on YouTube and live performances at Somaliland’s first postwar music venue—where the author herself eventually takes the stage—Woolner offers an account of love songs in motion that reveals the capacity of music to connect people and feelings across time and space, creating new possibilities for relating to oneself and others.
Journal Articles (Refereed)
Poetry's political future(s): deliberating democracy and justice in Somaliland
Nordic Journal of African Studies 33 (2): 16-30 | 2024
Abstract: In February 2017, a poem titled “Muddici” (‘Plaintiff ’) by Hargeysa-based poet Weedhsame went
viral on social media. The poem accused members of Somaliland’s government of corruption and
quickly elicited a series of supporting and opposing responses. Together, these poems formed a
debate “chain” (silsilad) that became known as Miimley (‘in ‘m’’). Beginning from the premise that
forms of popular art both reflect and inform processes of sociopolitical change, this paper explores
the poetic and political “future(s)” charted by the content and form of Miimley. Placing Miimley
in the longue durée of Somali poetic debate , I specifically consider how the future is implicitly and
explicitly evoked in the content of poets’ verse, and how the participatory dynamics of the unfolding
of Miimley index and foment emergent forms of democratic engagement. I ultimately suggest that
the futures invoked in Miimley balance respect for “tradition” – especially Islam and poetry – with a
desire for more just and inclusive politics.
Listening to love: aural attention, vocal iconicity and intimacy in Somaliland.
American Ethnologist 49 (2): 178-190 | 2022
Abstract: Both music and love are conspicuously absent from the public soundscapes of Hargeysa, Somaliland. But behind closed doors, people listen to love songs. In doing so, these lonely love sufferers and love hopefuls make sense of various challenges. Using accounts from a cross section of Somalilanders, I show that these solitary listening practices open into uniquely intimate and transformative opportunities for dareen-wadaag (feeling sharing). These opportunities critically depend both on listeners’ attention and intention, and on the culturally elaborated affective affordances of love songs’ “voice”—a voice that is conceived as “love incarnate” and that models intimacy. In short, listeners do not just listen to love songs; they listen to love. Their listening practices call for anthropological models that more fully account for the relationship between culturally situated ears and voices, as well as for the complex interrelation of sound, affect, and subjectivity.
‘Out of time’ and ‘out of tune’: reflections of an oud apprentice in Somaliland.
Ethnomusicology, 65(2): 259-285 |2021
Abstract: In this article, I use my oud lessons in Somaliland as a point of departure to reflect on the analytical and methodological potential of musical apprenticeship, with a particular focus on what and how we might learn from playing “out of time” and “out of tune.” Organized around three lessons, each beginning in a moment of “mistuning,” I reflect both on what it means to become the kind of person who can make music in a religiously contested postwar context and on the process of mistake-making, by which apprentices come into new knowledge about music-making and musical personhood.
Education and extraversion: naming, valuing and contesting ‘modern’ and ‘indigenous’ knowledge in post-war Somaliland
Journal of Eastern African Studies, 10 (3): 413-433 | 2016
Abstract: In response to critiques of the extraverted and mimetic nature of post-colonial education have come various efforts to decolonize Africa's universities. At first blush, the University of Hargeisa’s Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies’ (IPCS) stated commitment to teaching indigenous knowledge appears to follow this trend. In practice, however, IPCS has established itself as an intentionally ‘modern’ Institute valued by staff and students alike for the ‘extraverted’ globally oriented education it provides. Against the view that this proclivity for the modern simply represents the presence of an enduring colonial mentality, this article explores how, why, and to what effect an intentionally ‘modern’ education has been implemented at IPCS. I build on Bayart’s concept of ‘extraversion’ to show how invocations of modern and indigenous knowledge entail various claims to inclusion that reflect internal social changes, Somaliland’s hybrid political order, and lack of recognition. Drawing on ethnographic research that included classroom observation, interviews and informal interactions with staff and students, and reflection on my own teaching experiences, I explore how staff and students have embraced particular modes of education as a means to both ‘engage the world’ and increase their own opportunities for domestic political and socio-economic inclusion. Furthermore, I show that IPCS’ approach has not led to the devaluation of indigenous knowledge, but has instead facilitated debate about the relative merits of different knowledge systems for contemporary Somaliland. This case highlights the value of approaching (post)colonial educational institutes not simply as sites where knowledge is passively ‘imbibed’, but rather as compelling windows into complex processes of social change.
Book Chapters (refereed)
Singing love in(to) Somaliland: love songs, ‘heritage preservation’ and the shaping of post-war publics.
In Music and dance research in Eastern Africa: current research in humanities and social sciences
eds. K. Kiiru and M. Mutonya. Nairobi: IFRA and Twaweza Communications, 76-90 | 2018
Women, religion and peace
In Ashgate research companion on religion and conflict resolution
ed. L. Marsden. Ashgate Publishing. (co-authored with M. Sharify-Funk)
Religion and peace and conflict studies
In Critical issues in peace and conflict studies: theory, practice and pedagogy
eds. T. Matyok, J. Seheni and S. Byrne. Toronto: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. (co-authored with N. Funk)
OP-EDS
Universities must protect PhDs doing risky fieldwork: here’s how
The Guardian (July 16)
(co-authored with C. Howland)
Encyclopedia Entries
Hees [Somali Popular Song]
In The Bloomsbury encyclopedia of popular music of the world, volume XII: genres – Sub-Saharan Africa
eds. H. Feldman, D. Horn, J. Shepherd and G. Keilich. Bloomsbury Publishers.
Briefing Reports
Strengthening research capacity in Somaliland and Puntland
Rift Valley Institute Briefing Paper
for the Supporting High-Quality Research in the Somali Regions project. (Co-authored with Cindy Horst and Ridwan Osman).
Other Publications
Preserving Somaliland’s Auditory Heritage
An Introduction to the Hargeysa Cultural Centre’s Archives-in-Progress
Dhaxalreeb 17(1): 16-22
(Book Review) Rethinking Peacebuilding: The quest for just peace in the Middle East and the Western Balkans
e-International Relations
(Eds. Aggestam and Bjorkdahl).
Naming War, Counting the Dead: Ploughshares’ Armed Conflicts Report in Perspective
Ploughshares Monitor, 30(3).
Re-storying Canada’s Past: A Cast Study in the Significance of Narratives in Healing Intractable Conflict
Beyond Intractability, Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess (eds.). Conflict Research Consortium.